Dengan mereka terus menerus pengembangan dari modern manufaktur dan pengolahan teknologi% 2c peralatan dan its mendukung CAM sistem telah telah secara luas digunakan dan dikembangkan. The processing tool lintasan (that is, the cutting metode) dihasilkan oleh the CAM sistem adalah the core of controlling the processing operation of the equipment. It directly affects the accuracy of the processed workpiece, surface roughness, overall processing time, service life of itu mesin alat% 2c dll.% 2c dan akhirnya menentukan produksi .
Ini artikel menyediakan a referensi untuk cara untuk memilih a cocok perkakas metode oleh menganalisis yang berbeda karakteristik dari dari perkakas metode dan beberapa faktor mempengaruhi nya seleksi 2c dan membandingkan proses dalam proses penggilingan.
1. Pemotongan metode
1. The basic concept of cutting method
2. Klasifikasi dari pemotongan metode
The cutting method can be divided into 4 categories: one-way cutting, reciprocating cutting, circular cutting and compound cutting. A compound pass is a combination of the first three. Using one-way or reciprocating cutting tool is all cutting and cutting in terms of processing strategy. Therefore, according to different processing strategies, the cutting method can be divided into line cutting, ring cutting and other special methods. Biasa digunakan adalah baris potongan dan cincin potongan.
Line-cut processing is kondusif to th maksimum feed speed of the machine tool% 2c and its cutting surface quality is also better than ring-cut processing. Namun, ketika kompleks planar rongga has beberapa bos ke bentuk kelipatan dalam kontur, tambahan alat pengangkatan tindakan sering terjadi, itu adalah, di suatu tempat dalam alat jalur, atau untuk menghindari gangguan antara the alat dan bos, atau ke ke ke kembali the alat ke sisa belum diproses area, the alat harus menjadi terangkat ke a pasti tinggi dari mesin pesawat, dan kemudian pindah ke awal dari lain alat jalur, dan kemudian lanjutkan the pemotongan tindakan.
Itu alat jalur dari garis pemotongan adalah terutama tersusun dari seri dari lurus garis segmen paralel ke a tetap arah, dan perhitungan adalah sederhana. Cocok untuk sederhana saku finishing atau seadanya dengan besar stok penghapusan. As shown in Figure 1 - reciprocating row cutting knife rail.
In ring cutting, the tool moves along a path with similar boundary contours, which is composed of a group of closed curves, which can ensure that the tool maintains the same cutting state when cutting parts. Since the circular cutting process calculates the next circular trajectory by constructing the current circular trajectory map through continuous offset, the calculation is complex and time-consuming. It is cocok untuk pemrosesan kompleks rongga dan melengkung permukaan. As ditampilkan dalam Gambar % 7b% 7b1% 7d% 7d sunat pisau rel.
gambaran
2. Faktor mempengaruhi cara dari pemotongan
1. The shape and geometric elements of the workpiece itself: the shape and geometric elements of the workpiece itself include the geometric shape of the processing area, the size and position of the island, and so on. This is the inherent characteristic of the workpiece itself, and it is an unchangeable factor, but it is the fundamental factor that determines the way of cutting.
2. Proses rute: Proses rute adalah the langsung proses to mencapai pemrosesan tujuan dan langsung dasar untuk seleksi dari pemotongan metode. The proses rute menentukan urutan dari pemrosesan domain, the penggabungan dan pemisahan dari pulau, the Divisi dari kasar permesinan, semi-finishing pemesinan, FINISHING MESIN, AND FINISHING MESIN, dll. Ada banyak jenis dari proses rute ke mencapai the tujuan, yang menentukan the berbeda pilihan dari pemotongan metode.
3. Benda kerja material: The benda kerja material adalah juga satu dari faktor itu menentukan the cutting metode. The benda kerja material adalah the direct processing object and does not directly affect the cutting method, but it will affect the selection of the cutting tool material, size, processing method, etc., thus indirect Affects the cutting method. The shape and size of the workpiece blank will affect whether the machining allowance distribusi dari masing-masing bagian dari benda kerja adalah bahkan. Strategi itu memimpin ke berbeda pisau bergerak.
4. Penjepit dan pengikat metode dari benda kerja% 3a penjepit dan pengikat metode dari benda kerja juga secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi the cutting metode. Change, the impact of vibration on the cara pemotongan.
5. Seleksi of tools: The selection of tools includes tool material, tool shape, tool length, number of tool teeth, etc. These parameters determine the area and frequency of contact between the tool and the workpiece, thus determining the volume of the cutting material per unit time and the machine tool Load, its wear resistance and tool life determine the length of cutting time. Among them, the tool ukuran (yaitu diameter) has a langsung dampak pada cara pemotongan. Due to the selection of tools with different diameter, the size of the residual area will be affected, resulting in changes in the machining trajectory, resulting in different tool feeding methods.
6. Processing area selection: In the milling process, when a complex planar cavity has multiple bosses to form multiple inner contours, an additional tool lifting action will often occur for line cutting; for ring cutting, it will cause machining The trajectory is lengthened. This additional tool lifting action or lengthening of the machining path will serious reduce the efficiency of cutting. Therefore, how to minimize the number dari seperti itu situasi adalah a mayor perhatian dari kita.
Itu seluruh pemotongan area adalah dibagi menjadi beberapa sub-area sesuai ke pemrosesan kebutuhan, dan masing-masing sub-area adalah diproses secara terpisah, dan alat angkat terjadi antara masing-masing sub-area. At the sama waktu, ini pemrosesan sub-area are digabung atau dibagi sesuai to the cutting metode, atau bahkan diabaikan. Ini seleksi dari berbeda pemrosesan area tidak hanya mengurangi angka dari alat lift tetapi juga tidak membuat the relatif panjang dari pemrosesan jalur lebih lama, dan at sama waktu mengadopsi the paling wajar alat-bergerak metode untuk baru area, meningkatkan the pemrosesan efisiensi.
3. Masuk akal pilihan dari pemotongan metode
1. Dasar seleksi prinsip
There are two points to consider when choosing the cutting method: one is the length of processing time, and the other is whether the processing allowance is uniform. Generally speaking, the ring cutting method is based on the shape of the workpiece, and the machining allowance is relatively uniform. However, the machining allowance of the line cutting method is relatively uneven. If you want to leave a more uniform allowance after line cutting, you usually need to increase the circular cutting tool rail around the boundary. If the requirement of the unevenness of the margin is ignored, the length of the tool path of the line cutting tool is usually relatively short; if the unevenness of the margin is considered and the circular cutting tool path is added, when the boundary of the processing area is long (such as the case of multiple islands) , the ring cutting tool rail around the boundary has a more obvious impact on the total processing time, and the line cutting tool rail is generally longer than the ring cutting tool rail. It is easy to calculate the knife position for line cutting and takes up less memory, but the number of times of knife lifting is more. When using a circular toolpath, it is necessary to offset the ring boundary multiple times and clear the self-intersecting ring.
2. Pilih sesuai ke the penampilan karakteristik
Itu bentuk karakteristik dari benda kerja menentukan cara alat adalah diproses. Sesuai untuk berbeda pemrosesan objek, benda kerja bisa menjadi sederhana dibagi menjadi bidang rongga dan bentuk bebas permukaan. Planar rongga are umumnya diproses oleh garis pemotongan. Sejak paling dari ini benda kerja are integral memotong dan giling dari kosong, seperti kotak tubuh, bases dan lainnya bagian, the machining allowance is besar. The line cutting metode is kondusif untuk th maksimum kemajuan dari mesin alat. Berikan kecepatan% 2c tingkatkan pemrosesan efisiensi% 2c dan its cutting permukaan kualitas is juga lebih baik dari cincin cutting processing% 2c if you don't want to be engaged in machining center operation all the time!
Bentuk bebas permukaan are umumnya diproses oleh cincin pemotongan% 2c terutama karena the melengkung permukaan are sebagian besar coran atau diproses oleh reguler bentuk% 2c dan the margin distribusi is tidak merata. At the same time, the precision of the curved surface is relatif tinggi; It is closer to the real shape of the surface than it has good surface processing characteristics.
3. Pilih sesuai untuk the pemrosesan strategi
The processing of parts is often divided into three processing stages: rough processing, semi-finishing, and finishing, and sometimes there is a finishing processing stage. Reasonable division of processing stages is necessary to ensure processing accuracy. Due to the relatively single function of the machine tool in the traditional processing method, the boundaries of each stage can be clearly seen in the process route, but in the CNC milling processing method, the boundaries are relatively blurred, and there may be cases of blending (such as rough machining stage with fine processing). processing content, the finishing stage may also have traces of roughing), from the perspective of ensuring processing quality, the division of processing stages during NC machining is also required, but in order to reduce the clamping time and simplify the tool movement, how to determine each stage The processing content, the considerations may be somewhat different from the traditional processing technology.
The main goal of rough machining is to pursue the material removal rate per unit time and prepare the geometric profile of the workpiece for semi-finishing. Therefore, the line cutting method or the composite method is often used for layer cutting. The main goal of semi-finishing is to make the contour shape of the workpiece smooth and the surface finishing allowance uniform. Therefore, the circumcision method is often used. The utama tujuan dari finishing adalah untuk memperoleh benda kerja dengan geometris dimensi, bentuk akurasi dan permukaan kualitas itu memenuhi persyaratan. Sesuai untuk the geometris karakteristik dari the benda kerja, the line cutting method should be adopted for the inside, and the ring cutting method should be used for the edge and joint.
4. Choose according to programming strategy
The main principles for determining the tool path during programming are as following: the processing accuracy and surface roughness requirements of the parts should be guaranteed; the processing route should be shortened as much as possible to reduce the tool's empty travel time; Reduce programming effort. Umumnya berbicara, untuk planar rongga, garis pemotongan adalah digunakan untuk membagi the pemrosesan area ke mengurangi angka dari alat lift; untuk bentuk bebas permukaan, cincin pemotongan is digunakan ke perkiraan bentuk. The seleksi dari kosong bentuk akan mempengaruhi pilihan pilihan pemrograman. By enlarging the shape of the blank, the shape processing that is not easy to clamp can be converted into the line-cut method of cavity processing that is easy to clamp; or the free-form surface processed by circular cutting can be changed to line cutting. The cutting method removes a large margin to improve processing efficiency.
